Little carpenterworm,
Prionoxystus macmurtrei;
larva (figure 29) pink to white, dark head and thoracic shield, 2.25 inches (57mm); adult gray-mottled moth; life cycle 2 to 3 years.

Trunks and branches of sawtimber and shade trees; prefers red oaks; mine under bark, and gallery in wood .4 x 6 inches (I x 15 cm); frass of wood chips and excrement pellets; causes lumber degrade, disfigures ornamental trees.

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Beech borer, Goes pulverulentus;
roundheaded larva, white, legless, cylindrical, about 1.5 inches (37 mm); adult brownish-gray longhorned beetle; life cycle 3 to 5 years.

Trunks of saplings and poles of red oaks; attacks are clustered (figure 30); galleries are about .4 x 8 inches (0.9 x 20 cm); grayish frass with fibrous shreds extruded in ribbons; degrade, entries for decay, stem breakage.

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Spotworm borer,
Agrilus acutipennis;
larva is slender, flattened, white, about 1.3 inches (32 mm) long; adult beetle is narrow, dark metallic blue, about .5 inches (12 mm) long; a generation requires 2 years.

Trunks over .5 inch (12 mm) in diameter in white oak group, particularly heavy on overcup oak in river bottoms; larvae tunnel spirally in outermost growth ring (figure 31); spot stains and frass-packed tunnels are defects that degrade lumber.

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Flatheaded appletree borer,
Chrysobothris femorata;
larva (figure 32) is flatheaded, white, about I inch (25 mm) long; adult beetle is oval, flattened, greenish bronze, about .6 inch (16 mm) long; one generation per year.

Trunks and branches of red and white oaks of all sizes; larvae bore into phloem and outer sapwood; galleries girdle and kill small trees; newly transplanted trees and those weakened or stressed are most susceptible.

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Oak branch borer,
Goes debilis;
roundheaded larva, legless, yellowish-white, about .6 inch (15 mm); adult longhorned beetle, mottled reddish-brown and gray; life cycle 3 to 4 years.

Small branches and terminals about .3 to 1.5 inches (9 to 37 mm) in diameter, mainly white oaks; attacks (figure 33) near crooks and branch crotches; galleries about .2 x 3 inches (6x75 mm); yellowish frass protrudes from elongate entrance hole; infested stems become swollen, and often break or die back.

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Oak-stem borer,
Aneflormorpha subpubescens;
roundheaded larva, slender, about .7 inch (18 mm) long; adult narrow, light brown, spine on the third and fourth segments of antennae. One generation per year.

Seedlings and sprouts about .5 to 1 inch (12 to 25 mm) diameter; red and white oaks; larva bores down center of stem, cutting off sections, burrows to stem base or roots to overwinter; frass is ejected through row of small holes in bark (figure 34), kills large numbers of seedlings and sprouts in Southeast.

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